Federalism Is Defined As A System Of Government - 2199 Words

Federalism is defined as a system of government in which a single area, whether it be an entire country or a province within its borders, is controlled by two levels of government, each with their own respective strengths and weaknesses. In the United States, a form of Federalism is practiced in which each of the fifty states are controlled by their own state government, and all fifty of the states collectively are controlled by the National, or Federal, Government. Both levels of our government have the power to create laws under our federalist system. The State Governments’ have the power to create laws that affect their respective state, whereas The Federal Government has the power to make laws that apply to the entire nation, but are limited by their enumerated powers in the constitution and bill of rights. For example, in the Commerce Clause, the national government is given the power to regulate interstate commerce, but cannot regulate the commerce of one particular stat e. The State Governments were granted all of the powers not specifically given to the Federal Government in the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Although the American system of government usually works rather smoothly between the State and Federal levels of government, several times in American history the states have disagreed with what the Federal government has said and/or done, and chosen to disregard, or nullify, the act. This is called nullification, and is defined as â€Å"theShow MoreRelatedFederalism Is A Key Component Of How The United States Government Operates Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesFederalism is a key component of how the United States government operates. Many countries now are a federalist form of government. The definition of federalism is a governmental system in which national and regional governments share powers, and are considered independent equals (Smith and Greenblatt 29). Many countries now use a federalist system of government. The United States version of federalism was enacted with the Constitution in 1787, and has evolved in different ways since then. BeforeRead MoreWhat Is Federalism1066 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment 1: What is Federalism? Student: Danny Franco Professor: Tracy Herman POL 110 August 8, 2014 Bose, Dilulio, and Wilson (2013), state that in America, political authority falls under both national and state governments. This division of political authority between the two entities is called federalism. The delegates at the Constitutional Convention were in agreement that some degree of federalism was necessary; however, the amount of federalism that was to be written into the ConstitutionRead MoreFederalism and the Triad of Powers in America819 Words   |  3 Pagesgovernmental systems, such as Federalism, can be considered a solution to these crises. Federalism can be defined as the relationship between the individual state governments of America and the national or federal government of the United States; and works to balance the power of a large central government, and the power of the smaller regional governments. Federalism is defined in our book as: â€Å"the relationship between the centralized national government and the individual state governments† (BermanRead MoreAssess The Significance Of Federalism In The USA Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Assess the significance of federalism in the USA Federalism involves the sharing of powers between different levels of government. In the United States this relates to the government at national level (the federal government) and those at the level of the state. The United Kingdom is not a federal state instead it is a unitary state where power is held in one place (parliament). Federalism is the process of sharing power between a central government, in America’s case Washington, and the StatesRead MoreThe New Deal and American Federalism885 Words   |  4 Pages Federalism may be described as a system of government that features a separation of powers and functions between the state and national governments. This system has been used since the very founding of the United States. The constitution defines a system of dual federalism, which ensures sovereignty of the state and national governments. This is put in place in order to limit the national government’s power. However, the Great Depression of 1929 greatly weakened the nation’s economic systems. PresidentRead MoreEssay on Federalism1371 Words   |  6 PagesFederalism Federalism is a widely accepted system of government in North American cultures. To many North Americans it seems to be the obvious choice for all world governments, but this is not the case. In all honesty, federalism is a fairly unique form of government. Out of approximately two hundred nations on the earth one hundred and eighty states practice unitary forms of government, leaving only twenty or so as federal nations (Winchester, 1999). Unitary forms of government consistRead More Evolving Federalism Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pages Evolving Federalism Pre-Class Assignment nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Federalism by definition is the division of power between a central government and its participating members. How that power is divided is the subjective aspect of federalism that was before the framers of the United States. Through compromise and necessity the seeds for a strong central government were planted alongside already strong state governments. Over time the seeds for strong central government grew; wars, economicRead MoreIntergovernmental Relations1326 Words   |  6 Pagesexplains how federalism is a fundamental part of U.S government and how it gives equal power to both national and state governments. â€Å"History indicates clearly that the principal factor in the formation of federal systems of government has been a common external threat.† The authors’ quote informs the reader that people have always been weary of a strong, national government and that there is always a constant struggle between the two governments to work toget her. Defining a government to be a federalRead MoreFederalism Is A System Of Government1699 Words   |  7 Pagesnecessity of government, and it is equally undeniable, that whenever and however it is instituted, the people must cede to it some of their natural rights in order to vest it with requisite powers.† (Federalist No.2). According to dictionary,com, it defines the word federalism as â€Å"a political concept describing the practice whereby a group of members are bound by agreement or covenant. The word federalism comes from the Latin word foedus, which means covenant. Federalism refers to a system of governmentRead MorePolitical Institutions Effect on Societies Essay893 Words   |  4 Pagesmore than that, we never realize how institutions affect or influence political outcomes. Whether institutions are federalist or centralists, they always vary in the types of outcomes and shortcomings, or if local governments function better than a federal government, or if stat e governments are better. The implications effects of decentralization for political society are mixed but generally positive especially in consideration to democratic principles. Decentralization scholars focus on decentralizations

Understanding the Rule or Importance of the Law Free Essay Example, 3000 words

Sir William Blackstone British a well-known jurist and educator who wrote Commentaries on the Laws of England presented the early summary of the English Common law. When the British regime came into being the sovereignty of the British Crown also expanded. British laws/subjects not only cover the persons inside the United Kingdom but also throughout the British Empire including sub-continent, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and Canada. It was popular saying that the sun never goes down in the British Empire. The British Empire was so big that around the clock there was sunshine in any part of its colonies or self-governing parts. People born within the British Empire (dominion) were considered the British citizens irrespective of the status of their parent s relationship with the country. Guests from other countries and give birth to the children had the option of acquiring British citizenship. This was a fundamental privilege for the foreigner s children in terms of natural-b orn citizenship act. The citizenship was needed to reflect natural loyalty to the crown as a debt of gratitude to the British crown for protecting them and providing security. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding the Rule or Importance of the Law or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The legislation was made for the children of British parents born overseas to be British. Later on the proof of only father being British according to the natural born allegiance law, the child was allowed to be the British national.

Many May Not Know Parkinson’S Disease Is The Second Most

Many may not know Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world. This disease is most seen in the elderly starting at 62 years of age although, younger individuals can still have the disease it isn’t common. Parkinson’s make it difficult for its victims to carry out everyday activities that might have once been easy for them. As the disease progresses it makes it hard for the patient to do things like walk, stand, swallow and speak. A great deal of people don’t realize how helpful therapy can be when dealing with such disease! Living with the disease causes impairment in many areas of the body. Motor impairment plays a big part in patients with Parkinson’s disease. The disease makes it hard to walk†¦show more content†¦Antiparkinsonian drugs are medications designed primarily for Parkinson’s patients. This type of medication helps controls the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease but not cure it. It helps patients with symptoms like gait disturbances but is not an infinite alternative. In addition to this medication physical therapy programs is prescribed to help stop symptoms. The fact is physical therapy improves gait while in the same instant help manage the symptoms when the time comes, medication cannot do this for patients. The brain dopamine measures is what causes motor impairment and with this disease muscle strength is important to be able to stand when dopamine is not fully reaching the brain to prevent falls. Physical therapy helps the patient strengthen other areas of the body like sensory cues overtime and can be very effective. Physical can be beneficial helping the patient with gait disturbances. Physical therapy is a long process but it is very helpful. This therapeutic mechanism has made very noticeable changes in many patients life. One particular study conducted by Neurologijos Seminarai, found after physical therapy it significantly helped improved gait over multiple sessions, he stated â€Å"After the cycle of physical therapy sessions, balance and gait of patients with Par kin son’s dis ease statistically significantly improved (p 0.005). (Web, Yael Manor) Proving Swallowing therapy does have aShow MoreRelatedComparison Of Parkinsons Alley By Christopher Hitchens And Parkinsons Disease1203 Words   |  5 Pagesthe articles â€Å"Parkinson’s Alley† by Joy Horowitz, and â€Å"Topic of Cancer† by Christopher Hitchens, the authors explain the fact that the causes for cancer and Parkinson’s disease are not proven to be known. Joy Horowitz also points out; more and more research is being done each day to better the understanding of these terrible diseases. Although Parkinson’s disease and cancer are completely different diseases, they are astonishingly similar. Illnesses like cancer and Parkinson’s disease directly or indirectlyRead MoreThe Disease Of Parkinson s Disease1077 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper is limited to Parkinson’s Disease. Parkinson’s Disease was thoroughly researched and will be described in depth including: physiology, etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic testing, therapeutic measures, and short vs. long term effects. Keywords: Parkinson’s Disease, dopamine, diagnosis, symptoms Parkinson’s, a Central Nervous System Disorder Since becoming a nursing student I have learned about several diseases and disorders. When hearing the term, â€Å"disease† one might imagine suchRead MoreSymptoms Of Parkinson s Disease1168 Words   |  5 PagesSome people may know what Parkinson’s Disease is but not what it is capable of. Many may not even be aware that Parkinson’s Disease exists. Michele Tagliati, Gary N. Guten, and Jo Horne explain that â€Å"Parkinson’s Disease is a disease in a group of conditions called movement disorders -- disorders that result from a loss of the brain’s control on voluntary movement† (10). With this being said, a neurotransmitter in the brain called Dopamine sends signals to regions in the brain that are the controlRead MoreThe Synthesis Of Apomorphine Was Historically Accomplished By The Concentration Of Water Lilies Essay1438 Words   |  6 Pagesof water lilies, scientists wanted to know what exactly caused these effects. The compounds were isolated and tested to determine that apomorphine was the most active ingredient. The concentration of apomorphine was so low in the plants that isolation was impractical so a synthesis was designed to investigate the properties of apomorphine further; leading to apomorphine being used for Parkinson’s disease, erectile dysfunction, and most recently Alzheimer disease. Synthesis2: The synthesisRead MoreThe Purpose Of My Research Conducted For This Paper Was1677 Words   |  7 Pageswill include more information gained through my research of the disease and its relationship to the human body. The Connection between Parkinson s and the Human Body Parkinson’s is a disease that affects the movement of the human body. It typically targets the older adult population, but has been known to affect those as young as two years old. There are many different factors that play a part in how the body functions andRead MorePSY 410 Week 3 Neurocognitive and Neurodevelopmental Paper 1427 Words   |  6 Pagescognitive ability because of brain damage and the disease. Comprehending the brain areas that are affected by neurocognitive disorders involving personality change after brain damage, behaviors, and mood swings gives researchers a better grasp on understanding biological underpinnings of several issues in abnormal psychology. The second most common neurodegenerative disorder is Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease is found more in men than women. This disease is characterized by motor symptoms involvingRead MoreEssay on Patient Education and Medical Ethics1455 Words   |  6 Pages(emedicinehealth, 2011). Deana, a patient with Parkinsons disease, has gone through many different agonizing stages of her disease. Symptoms of Parkinsons disease include tremors, muscle stiffness, slowing movements, and impaired balance. There are many different stages that are associated with Parkinsons disease starting with the initial symptoms usually starting mild. Second there is also a lot of ongoing treatment for Parkinsons patients including drug therapy, physical therapy, andRead MoreParkinson’s Disease Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesParkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease (PD), known for its degenerative abilities and debilitating affects, is an illness that affects approximately 1 million Americans. The cause of this disease has not been pinpointed, although strides have been made towards a cure. As our elderly population increases, so does our overwhelming need to find a suitable cure that may one day eliminate this disease. Concepts of PD After watching the video: My father, My Brother, and Me, viewable at www.pbsRead MoreThe Negative Impacts Of Smoking1547 Words   |  7 PagesThe most common problems that are destroying the health of young generations and killing thousands and thousands adults every day is smoking cigarette. The issue of smoking has become one of the most significant and controversial debates in Australia, due its health problem and the effect of the environment atmosphere. Researches and medics worldwide were studying the main causes that makes people smoke and why? (Backes, 2016). According to Dr Jewell‘s article, reveals that there are lots of factorsRead MoreThe Biology Of Memory Disorders955 Words   |  4 Pagesdisorders. Memory disorders are diseases that impair our ability to recall everyday events. There are numerous memory disorders a person could have. For example, amnesia is a common memory disorder. The most common types of amnesia are retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia . Retrograde amnesia is when a person loses some memories of their past, and on the other hand, anterograde amnesia is when a person loses the capacity to form new memories. There has been many case studies about amnesia and

Health Care Delivery System in the United States Free Essays

Abstract The United States health care delivery system is comprised of a complex, unorganized and flawed health system, compared to that of Australia’s health care system. The four components of the inefficient system in the United States are categorized into a quad-functional model. Financing, insurance, deliver and payment are the four flawed components. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care Delivery System in the United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now Australia’s efficient and organized system is based on a national health system, which consists of one central agency; the government. The United States health system is comprised of countless public and private entities. Australia’s health care system is superior to that of the United States. Table of Contents Title Page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Table of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Introduction The quality of health care is vital to a nations well being. The United States is comprised of one of the most complex health care delivery systems throughout the world. The complexity of the United States health care delivery is comprised of countless individuals and organizations, which include both public and private entities. Unlike the health care delivery system of Australia, the network of interrelated components of the U. S. health care system does not work together in an organized and efficient manner. Some of the components tend to overlap one another. The United States health care delivery system is based on the quad-function model, which consists of four components that are categorized into financing, insurance, delivery and payment. The fact that the United States health care system is not governed by a single central agency, opposed to Australia’s national health system, countless Americans endure physical and emotional suffering from the inefficiency of the system. Financing is one of the most important components of health care delivery system in the United States. This component pertains to the methods of paying for costly diagnostic tests, procedures, hospitals visits and treatment. Demand and supply has inflated the cost of health related services. Paying for health services is extremely costly without health insurance. Thanks to the a majority of employment establishments, most employed Americans, as well as their dependent children and spouses, are provided affordable health insurance. Although most employed Americans are provided health insurance, the United States health delivery system is fragmented and lacks to provide much needed health insurance for the majority of the unemployed American population. The second component of the quad-functional model pertains to insurance. Ownership of a health insurance plan protects individuals against health related issues. Insurance is very beneficial during occurrences when needing costly health care services. Insurance policies also determine the extent of health services the insured individuals are entitled to receive. Most insurance policies specify details of the health care policy holders are entitled to receive. Unlike Australia, the citizens of America, except for the elderly who receive Medicare, must obtain their own insurance. The third component of the United States quad-functional model pertains to delivery. In terms of delivery, the quad-functional model refers to the proviso of health care services, along with the receipt of insurance payments for the health related services received. The payments are paid to providers who deliver health care supplies and services. The recipients of payment consist of doctors, therapists, hospitals, diagnostics and imaging clinics, and suppliers of health care related equipment. The difference between the health care systems of the United States versus the health care system of Australia is that Australia’s healthcare system is based on a national health care program. The highly organized and efficient system mainly consists of private practitioners (Hall 1999; Podger 1999). The fourth and final component of the United States quad-functional model pertains to payment. The payment function deals with reimbursement to providers for services delivered. Reimbursement is the determination of how much to pay for a certain service. The fact that Australia’s health care system is based on a national health care program, individuals who receive health related services are not overwhelmed with stress of worrying about making payment the providers of health services. Australia’s government handles all aspects of health care. The four components of the United States health care system dramatically vary from the components of the health care system in Australia. The health care system of Australia is classified as a national health care system. Unlike the United States, Australia’s health care system is referred to as a single-payer system or a system that is governed by a single central agency; the Australian government. The government finances health care through the means of general taxes, even though health care is delivered by private providers. The benefit of a central agency governing the health care system is that it eliminates the complexity by eliminating components that exists in the multi-payer system of the United States health care system. Although the citizens of the United States are free to choose the method of obtaining health care, countless individuals are left without any means of health care. There are many negative characteristics that differentiate the United States health care delivery system from that of other countries, such as Australia. These characteristics result in fragments and inconsistencies within the system. The United States health care system is flawed based on the fact that it is not governed by a central agency, health care services are limited to the confined terms of the insurance policy, multiple public and private entities results in lack of efficiency, and extremely high cost of health care services. Australia spends 8. 7 percent of its GDP on health care and covers everyone, irrespective of their employment status (Grant 1987; Lapsley 1987) Due to the complexity and inefficiency of the United States’ health care delivery system, many people in the U. S. go without much needed health care. The extremely high cost in the U. S. results in countless uninsured American from having the financial ability to receive access to health care services. More than two-fifths of lower-income adults in the U. S. said they went without needed care because of costs in the past year (Davis 2007; Schoen 2007; Holmgren; Shea 2007). The uninsured have options to receive services at county hospitals and government establishments, but their quality of services is much lower. The finding from my in depth research indicates that many changes need to be implemented into the health are delivery system in the United States, to improve the complex and fragmented system. The private health insurance covers care received in private hospitals (Australian Government 2004). To improve quality of life, the system in the United States should be changed from a multi-payer to a single-payer system, which is classified as a national health system or NHS. Aquiring private health insurance is voluntary, but st rongly encouraged by the Australian government through tax subsidies for purchasers and tax penalties for non-purchasers (Healy 2002). The government will manage the overall infrastructure of the health system, without any regard to capitalism. All entities who seek personal financial gain will not be included in the NHS. This change will terminate most of the components that bring injustice to the citizens who are excluded, which mostly consists of unemployed individuals. The United States economy is driven by capitalism, where the where motives behind actions derive from pursuit of monetary gain. In a loosely organized system, countless entities and individuals seek monetary gain, without regard or compassion for human life. Greed is the main element in the United States complex health care delivery system. In 1998, the death rate pertaining to the health care delivery system was 25 to 50 percent higher in the United States than in Australia. Australia ranks highest on healthy lives, compared to the United States (Davis 2007; Schoen 2007; Holmgren; Shea 2007). The implementation of a national health care system, similar to that of Australia, will foster ethical practices and equality for all citizens of the United States. This change will impact health professionals greatly. Most likely their salaries will be reduced drastically and their employers will be the national government. In my opinion, most physicians are overpaid currently. Price inflation based on a free market economy will be more controlled. References Australian Government, Department of Health and Ageing (2004). Australia: selected health care delivery and financing statistics. Davis, K. , Schoen, C. , Schoenbaum, S. C. , Doty, M. , Holmgren, A. L. , Kriss, Shea, K. Mirror, Mirror on the Wall (2007): An International Update on the Comparative Performance of American Health Care, The Commonwealth Fund, 3. Grant Lapsley (1987). The Australian Health Care System, 1987, 139, Table 7. 15 Hall, J. 1999. Incremental change in the Australian health care system. Health affairs 18, no. 3:95-110 Healy, J. 2002. Australia. In Dixon, A. , and E. Mossialos, eds. Health care system in eight countries: trends and challenges. London: The European Obse rvatory on Health Care Systems, London School of Economics Political Science, 3-16. How to cite Health Care Delivery System in the United States, Essay examples

Essay on Analysis Of Zeitoun And His Family s Experience With Hurricane Katrina Essay Example For Students

Essay on Analysis Of Zeitoun And His Family s Experience With Hurricane Katrina Essay Abdulrahnam Zeitoun and his family’s experience with Hurricane Katrina is summarized and documented in the novel Zeitoun, by Dave Eggers. Throughout the events of the novel, the reader learns its purpose is to inform the audience of the shocking tragedy and burden the storm placed on the Zeitoun family. Rhetorical appeals, the Muslim religion, media, the government’s involvement in the city, and the audience the book was trying to reach all play important roles in the story of the storm that devastated all of New Orleans. Egger’s novel not only informs, it also entertains, explains, and exposes, as well as documenting the events of the storm and the Zeitoun family’s story. The purpose of Egger’s novel is achieved thorough the use of style details, emotions, status of characters, and facts. Many of the small details made as big of an impact as the larger events and detail did. Kathy’s repetition of the idea that the family was not worried about the storm kept the idea fresh in audience’s mind. On more than one occasion Kathy made a point to say they always stayed in town during storms, and had no doubt this time would not be any different. Not until Katrina became a category three did Kathy begin to consider leaving and not until Katrina became a category five hurricane did she and the children leave town. After reading multiple times the family did not worry about storms, this sudden change of heart about leaving showed the reader the severity of the situation. Eggers chose many different angles to use to appeal to our emotions. Pathos was the author’s strongest appeal. He used family, religion, sympathy, worry, and many others to keep the audience feeling a wide range of emotions throughout the story. The reader experiences joy,. .iences still share the same purpose from the novel when they become aware of Zeitoun’s story, how he was treated because of his faith, how it affected his family, and how it affected his life in New Orleans.Dave Eggers used all three of the appeals as well as a few style detailing to get the purpose of his novel across. All of the different angles he used give the reader a better understanding of what exactly his purpose was. The details of this text flow together wonderfully to reach a variety of readers and let his purpose be known subtly. Rhetorical appeals, the Muslim religion, the media, and the government have roles in Zeitoun’s story; they also have roles in help Eggers achieve his purpose. The tragic events Zeitoun experienced were told to the world because Dave Eggers informed, entertained, explained, and exposed it to every reader of his novel, â€Å"Zeitoun†.

Fundamentals of Accounting Document for HappyDaze Limited

Questions: You are employed in a management role by HappyDaze Limited. The company is considering offering bonuses to employees in the form of shares in the company. The employees recently attended a seminar on the understanding of financial statements. The feedback provided by the employees was very negative and almost all of the attendees stated they did not understand the subject matter. The document should provide answers to the following questions. An appropriate heading should be provided for each question. Advice is given below. 1. Why do accountants depreciate some non-current assets?2. What is the difference between the reducing balance and the straight line methods of depreciation? State examples, with explanations, of when the reducing balance or straight line methods should be used.3. What is a statement of financial position? 4. What is capital? 5. Why are assets always equal to capital and liabilities? 6. Why does the date of the statement of financial position begin with as at wh ereas the date of the income statement begins with year ended? Answers: 1. Depreciation of Non-current Asset Non-current assets refer to the fixed assets, intangible assets and the long term investment of the company. Depreciation is calculated for the non-current asset which is used for more than one year. Generally the non-current assets are capitalized by the business and consequently its value starts declining (Weygandt, Kieso and Kimmel, 2003). For example, a machine has a useful life of ten years and in the beginning year the value of the asset will be same as the cost of acquiring the machine. Net year onwards the value of the asset will decline as it will be capitalized over the useful life. Not consideration of depreciation of the non-current asset may lead to overestimation of asset and it can inflate the financial position of the company. Hence, the accountants consider depreciation of the non-current asset (Harrison and Horngren, 2001). 2. Difference between Reducing Balance and Straight Line Method Reducing balance and straight line methods are the two approaches for calculating depreciation on the non-current asset. Reducing balance method estimates depreciation at a greater rate in the earlier period. The amount of the depreciation will decline as the life of the asset progresses (Elliott and Elliott, 2008). Depreciation per annum = (Net Book Value Residual Value) * Rate of Depreciation On the other hand, in straight line method, depreciation is calculated by following formula: Depreciation per year = (Cost of Acquisition Residual Value at the end of life) / Useful Life It means that in straight line method, the amount of depreciation remains same every year (Adah, 2014). In contrast, in case of the reducing balance method, depreciation rate remains the same but the amount of depreciation changes as it calculated on the residual value of the asset each year. 3. Statement of Financial Position Statement of financial position provides the relevant information regarding asset, liability and equity of the business on a particular date. It is also referred as balance sheet and significantly contributes in analyzing the current financial position of the business (Pratt, 2000). Elements which are owned by the company for deriving economic benefits are listed under the asset category. Liability includes the short term as well as log term obligation of the business which is owed to someone and can be settled through monetary transactions. Equity includes the share capital and retained earning held by the business (Libby, Libby and Short, 2004). 4. Capital In simple terms, capital refers to accumulated wealth of the business firm. Basically, capital includes all the financial resources available to the business which can be utilized for conducting business activities. Capital indicates that amount invested by the business owner. There are two major type of capital in business: fixed capital and working capital. Fixed capital is utilized for acquiring long term assets and meeting the long term obligations. On the other hand, working capital is used for undertaking the day to day activities of the business (Needles and Powers, 2004). 5. Assets are Equal to Capital and Liabilities From the basic accounting equation it can be found that assets are equal to the capital and liabilities of the business. Capital refers to the total wealth of the organization. Liabilities indicate the obligations which need to be satisfied by the business firm. Assets refer to the entities which are capitalized for deriving economic advantages. Hence it can be stated that capital and liabilities are the sources of fund or the total resources that are utilized for acquiring assets and retained for future business activities. Hence, assets are equal to capita and liabilities (Pratt, 2000). 6. Statement of Financial Position Start with as at and the Date of Income Statement with year ended It has been observed that financial position starts with as at and the date of income statement starts with year ended. The financial position of the business changes over the time on the basis of asset, liability and equity. Hence, the statement of the financial position illustrates the financial position on that particular date. On the other hand, income statement is associated with providing relevant information regarding the revenue, profit and expenditure of the business firm. This information is specific for that particular year and will not be changed. Hence, the income statement starts with the year ended in order to depict the net income of the business (Weygandt, Kieso and Kimmel, 2003). References Adah, A. (2014). Straight Line Method of Depreciation and Financial Information Quality of Nigerian Service Companies.IJFAS, 2(2), pp.1-7. Elliott, B. and Elliott, J. (2008).Financial accounting and reporting. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Harrison, W. and Horngren, C. (2001).Financial accounting. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Libby, R., Libby, P. and Short, D. (2004).Financial accounting. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Needles, B. and Powers, M. (2004).Financial accounting. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Pratt, J. (2000).Financial accounting in an economic context. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Pub. Weygandt, J., Kieso, D. and Kimmel, P. (2003).Financial accounting. New York, NY: Wiley.

Hitchcocks Psycho Essay Example

Hitchcocks Psycho Essay I have selected Hitchcocks Psycho for the topic of my mid-term. I have always been partial to thriller and suspense films, yet strangely I had only seen Psycho once, and that was nearly 20 years ago. While I respected what I knew of Hitchcocks work, enrollment in this class is what really piqued my interest. Certainly it was time to revisit this classic film, now with some background knowledge to help me analyze and critique it.After one viewing, even with my sparse knowledge of film composition, I believe that this film lives up to every expectation I had. It is fairly common knowledge that this film was a defining moment in cinematic history, and it was amazing to take a close look and try to analyze why. This film is brilliant on so many levels, from the use of lighting, camera angles, editing, and certainly musical accompaniment. Upon multiple viewings, I examined each scene and am amazed at how structured this movie is. This movie manipulated the viewer on several levels from s uggesting confusion through odd lighting and angles, to creating disorientation through editing and dramatic music, to creating the transference of the audience from one supposed main character to another through subtle nuances and suspenseful scenes. I could easily go scene by scene, commenting on every technique used, but I have narrowed it down to what I believe are eight defining scenes in this film. The techniques presented are indeed used throughout the film to guide the viewer.The film opens with some very busy, intense, choppy graphics for the opening credits which combine with the now-famous string arrangement as accompanying music, intended to induce a sense of anxiousness in the viewer, an uneasy feel and anticipation of things to come. The lines criss-crossing the screen as the credits flash may indeed represent the underlying themes of the film, including but not limited to the struggle of good vs. evil and the dual personalities of the films main characters. Immediatel y, the credits end, the music turns calm, and the establishing shot fills the screen.Panning over the city and zooming into a hotel room voyeuristically, the viewer is introduced to Marion Crane. The scenes to follow induce further attachment to Marion by the viewer, and give glimpses of her pure nature (her white under-garments, the bright lighting in her scenes, and close-up shots to establish intimacy). When Marion makes the decision to take the money, she is shown in a different light and the viewer glimpses her dark side. While packing in her room, she is now shown in black underwear, symbolizing her dark, bad-girl side, and the use of editing makes the viewer identify with her. Cuts back and forth from her to the money on the bed give clear insight to her inner-struggles, and the mirror reflections suggest a dark alter ego. This opening sequence establishes the tone for the viewer, and gives them every reason to believe Marion is the central character, as well as making it eas y to identify with her as a good person who has been tempted to do a bad thing. Hitchcock set this up carefully, and use of voice-overs to display her inner-thoughts and worries solidify the tone.After this deliberate opening set-up, the first defining scene, for me, was as Marion was driving, getting tired, and the storm began. The use of cutting from her tired gaze to the oncoming headlights combined with the erratic music gave a sense of desperation to her flight from town. As the storm worsens, the close ups of Marion couple with the obstructed view of the road heighten the viewers anxiety. Finally the music ceases and nothing is heard but the rain and the wiper blades on the car (a similar sound will be heard later), and the viewer is on edge as if something might jump out or happen to Marion. Instead, she pulls into the motel parking lot and for the moment we are relieved that shes all right.The shot cuts to a low angle shot of the house, with the dominant bedroom window and d ark, shadowed surroundings, and suddenly the viewer is uneasy again. This sequence establishes the use of darkness and contrast to suggest the overall mood, one that tells the viewer something bad might happen. We are then introduced to Norman, who eases the mood a bit with his friendly nature and boyish good looks. As the film progresses, we see some sexual tension arising between Norman and Marion, although the proximity is not close, this is suggested by editing and nervousness in Norman. Soon, after some friendly small-talk, he invites her to his parlor for dinner.Upon appearing with the dinner tray, Norman is seen from front and 3/4 angles, inviting the viewer to identify with and trust him. Softer music plays near the beginning of the scene, suggesting calmness and bonding between them. As they enter the parlor, we see stuffed birds on the wall and a dark, shadowed room, enhancing the suddenly-eerie feel. The cuts between Norman and Marion during their conversation and the cam era angles perfectly display their personas; Marion is shown from eye level, straight on, and in bright light, while Norman is filmed at low angles with shadows covering part of his face. This gives the feel that he is, perhaps, only half himself and the skewed angles, profile shots and swooping birds symbolize his predator-like nature and confused state. When the topic turns to Mother, Norman is visibly upset, further supported by the low camera angles, and him leaning into the shot when he is upset or losing control, yet sitting back calmly during other parts of the dialog, seeming non-threatening. This scene tells the story by camera angles, lighting, and edits; one does not need to hear the dialog or score to understand the tone being set. As Marion leaves and gives her real name, Norman is shown glancing at the registry. Chuckling to himself that she lied, perhaps he sees her as a bad girl now, which leads to the next sequence.The sexual tension between the two was established earlier and after the parlor exchange, and the viewer is aware of Norman apparently fighting some inner demons. This is further exhibited in the peeping scene. The dark shadows on Norman enhance his predator-like state as he begins to peep into Marions cabin. Through point-of-view shots we see Marion in bright light undressing (still in dark underwear, suggesting her bad side), preparing for her shower, symbolizing coming clean. Cuts between Marions calm state, and Normans unblinking eye make the viewer feel a sense of guilt. We should not be spying on Marion, yet the point-of-view shots make it uncomfortably impossible not to.As we enter Marions bathroom, it is brightly lit, suggestion a clean, safe place. Bad things typically happen in the dark, and the bright light reassures the viewer. Cuts between shots of the water and Marion cleansing herself, both literally and symbolically, give a sense of relief to the viewer. We are relieved that Marion is going to do the right thingthat we werent identifying with a villain after all. In what turns out to be an anticipatory set up, we see Marion with her back toward the bathroom door, as someone enters the bathroom in the empty left side of the frame. Silent suspense builds as the viewer sees Marion, brightly lit and unaware, and the shadowed intruder sneaking toward the shower. Suddenly the curtain is ripped back, and we see a large knife plunging toward us, the viewer, as the screeching music begins. The montage of cuts on action, from Marion, to the shadowed figure, to a close-up on Marion (the face of fear, her scream), the knife, and sounds of water and stabbing flesh make for a frightening, disorienting, disturbing sequence. The quick edits are all over the place-close-ups, high angles, back to the knife, abstract close-ups (the hand, the side of Marions head) and although you never see an actual wound, this scene is still one of the most powerful murder scenes to this day. When the assault ends, the music fad es, and we see Marion dying, with nothing but the sound of the shower running. We see blood swirling down the drain, literally taking her life with it, then cut to the stillness of her eye as the camera zooms out to display the scene, giving the viewer a moment to ponder the intensity of what they just witnessed.The sequences following the shower scene are orchestrated in such a way that the viewer is tricked into identifying with Norman. We see his horror at discovering the scene, we almost hope for him to find the money, and when the scene cuts on continuity to the car being pushed into the swamp, we are just as nervous as Norman is when it stops sinking. We feel for him when we hear the way Mother yells at him. Not an easy task, but Hitchcock pulls it off perfectly; the shift of main characters is seamless. When Arbogast shows up at the Bates Motel to question Norman, the viewer is given more insight into just how disturbed Norman is. The scene between them in the office perfectl y demonstrates the increasing confusion and inner-struggle for Norman. He is shot from alternating low and high angles, and shown from strange angles to illustrate how nervous he is (the strange shot toward his chin/throat showing him nervously eating candy). The editing, lighting, and angles show the viewer that Norman is descending into madness.When Arbogast decides to talk to Mother, his entrance to the house is quite suspenseful. We have seen Norman disappear into the shadows near the motel, then we see the house, again with the window as dominant, and cuts on action show his ascent with close-ups so that we begin to identify with this character. The scene ascending the staircase is interesting, as Arbogast never gets closer to the camera, though the background clearly gets further, an interesting and eerie effect. The scene cuts to an anticipatory set up, cutting from the door cracking open, then focusing at the top of the staircase in an overhead shot (birds eye view) as if wa iting for Arbogast to reach the top. As we find out, we were also waiting for Mother to enter the scene from the right, and the quick entrance takes the viewer off-guard. Upon the first wound, again the action cuts to the victims face, though not the extreme close-ups we saw in the shower scene with Marion. We have not grown that close to this character, so a close-up will suffice. He falls down the stairs much as he climbed, not getting further from our view but the floor is fast approaching. This adds to the disoriented feel of the scene. Again, of course, Mother is completely in the shadows and we are shown only glimpses such as cuts to her wig, the knife, and her back.There are several dissolves and fades in and out of scenes, and the next major occurrence is from Sam and Lila back to Norman, sitting in the dark of the motel office. We see him head back to the house, and what follows is a very powerful scene based almost purely on dialog. The camera pauses for a long shot up the staircase toward Mothers bedroom and we hear Mother and Norman arguing. The camera slowly zooms, intensifying the argument, then takes a very strange pan/tilt to an overhead shot of the door and staircase landing. We wait, and finally Norman emerges with Mother in his arms, leaving the viewer surprised and slightly confused as it was recently disclosed in a previous scene that Normans mother died 10 years before.In the scenes following, the viewer encounters point-of-view shots (Lilas approach to the house), parallel editing (Lila nearing the house and Sam/Normans conversation), and dramatic lighting when Lila finds Mother in the fruit cellar. The swinging light bulb adds to the eerie tone, creating strange shadows and a confused, unsettling feeling. As she screams, the now-familiar screeching music commences at the climax of the scene. When knife-wielding Mother appears, we are certain that Lila will be the next victim, as weve been conditioned by this music that it signifies murd er. But, instead, we find that it is Norman and he is tackled to the ground, seemingly over the edge now. The scene dissolves to the Court House scene and the viewer is informed about exactly what they just witnessed. The final scene shows a disturbed Norman, with a voice over monologue by Mother, and finally dissolves with Mothers face/skeleton super-imposed on Normans evil grin, a symbol that the two personalities are now permanently one.