Ancient Chinese Innovations

Ancient Chinese Innovations Jennifer E Strayer University Humanities 111 Ancient Chinese Innovations The ancient Chinese culture has probably contributed more to the advancement of humans than any other. In China’s long history they have shown us many extremely important inventions. In the modern world we take a lot of these innovations for granted even though we use many of them on a daily basis. I have often wondered who invented many items I use and it surprised me to find out that most things I use and quite possibly cannot live without were invented in ancient China.What would we do if paper had not been invented we may still be etching on stone and bones? Cai Lun successfully invented the very first batch of paper using fish nets and tree bark around 105 BCE. The invention of toilet paper would not have been possible without making paper first. Navigation was made easier with the invention of the compass. Would marinara sauce taste as good if it were not covering pasta o r ravioli? Pasta was invented around 300 BCE, nearly 2000 years before the Italian or the Arabs. Would the wars of the world ended the way they did without gunpowder?Around 850 CE, Chinese alchemist discovered gunpowder while searching for immortality. Many historical records and books might not have been made if it were not for the ease of moveable-type printing, which allowed for mass production of written material. Earthquake detection is another invention that many might not have lived without it. The early seismograph created during the Han dynasty around 132 CE used a pendulum to alert for a coming earthquake. While it is not known who first invented the sundial, the first mechanical clock was an important innovation by the ancient Chinese. Clark, 2009; Laudan, 2000; University C. , n. d; Unknown, Top 10 greatest inventions of ancient China, 2007) I think the four most innovative inventions given to us by China are the compass, toilet paper, moveable-type printing and the sund ial. The magnetic compass was first made somewhere between 221-206 BCE during the Qin dynasty. The original use was in fortune telling until it was discovered that it was better used at pointing out real directions. Originally used as padding or packing material n the second century BCE, the early Chinese writers mention using toilet paper as we do today as early as 589 BCE. The Chinese invented Woodblock printing over 2,000 years ago. Bi Sheng invented moveable clay type printing from which all later printing methods were developed from. The world’s first clock was invented by Yi Xing, a Buddhist monk and mathematician, his clock operated by having water drip onto a wheel that made a revolution every 24 hours. Hundreds of years later Su Song, an astronomer and mechanist, created what we know as the ancestor of the modern clock. Bellis, n. d; University C. , n. d; Unknown, Top 10 greatest inventions of ancient China, 2007) Our modern world was created on the foundation of the se innovations, they have been improved upon and upgraded over the centuries but the basic ideas remain the same. If there were one of these inventions that I simply would not want to live without it would have to be toilet paper. While water was the common way to cleanse after each trip to the bathroom, the convenience and ease of using toilet paper had travelers to China commenting about people’s cleanliness as early as 851 CE.In any natural disaster one key thing is sanitation; toilet paper is much more sanitary than using your hand and some water. A few months ago I saw a documentary called No Impact Man, where Colin Beaven, his wife and daughter, took part in a yearlong experiment to see if they could go that long and not impact the environment. One of the experiments was if they could go a year without using toilet paper. They did it, using cloth instead, just like cloth diapers, wash and reuse. While I know now that I could survive without toilet paper, I simply would not want to. Rowles, 2010) Works Cited Barsoum, D. M. (2006, December 18). Solving the Mysteries of the Pyramids. Retrieved January 23, 2012, from Department of Materials Science & Engineering: http://www. materials. drexel. edu/News/Item/? i=948 Bellis, M. (n. d). The Compass and other Magnetic Innovations. Retrieved February 25, 2012, from inventors. About. com: http://inventors. about. com/od/cstartinventions/a/Compass. htm Clark, J. (2009, March 9). Top 10 Ancient Chinese Inventions. Retrieved February 17, 2012, from HowStuffWorks. com:

The Alltel Pavilion Case: Strategy and Cvp Analysis

ISSUES IN ACCOUNTING EDUCATION Vol. 19, No. 4 November 2004 pp. 555–561 The ALLTEL Pavilion Case: Strategy and CVP Analysis Edward Blocher and Kung H. Chen ABSTRACT: The ALLTEL Pavilion case is intended for the undergraduate management accounting or cost accounting course and the M. B. A. management accounting course. It provides an excellent context in which to examine strategic issues in using cost volume profit (CVP) in a service business.Based on an actual entertainment pavilion, the case develops many factors unique to a service business and illustrates how pavilion management can use CVP analysis to determine which artists to attract and what kinds of contracts to have with these performers. The Pavilion has two types of customers (paying ticket holders and free ticket holders) and earns profits from three types of revenues (ticket revenues, concession revenues, and parking fees).The case requires you to identify the best strategy for different types of artists, conduct cost-volume-profit analyses, consider the strategic issues related to operating leverage and how this affects the choice of performer and contract, and assess pricing strategies. O ne day in early November, Pam Berg, Manager of the ALLTEL Pavilion, was reviewing the operating results for the year just completed in preparation for the executive board meeting the following Friday. While the year ended in the black, she was disappointed that the ALLTEL Pavilion failed to earn the budgeted profit goal.This was the second year since Ms. Berg assumed the manager’s position at the ALLTEL Pavilion. After the somewhat disappointing first year, she was determined to exceed the budgeted profit in the coming year. While not all events developed exactly as expected at the time of preparing the budget for the year, there were no major surprises during the year. Yet, the operating results are below the budgeted goal. In addition, Pam was frustrated by the lack of clear guidelines for contra ct negotiations with artists, for setting ticket prices, and in dealing with unexpected low ticket sales for certain concerts.THE ALLTEL PAVILION FOR LIVE ENTERTAINMENT The ALLTEL Pavilion in Raleigh, North Carolina (http://www. alltelpavilion. com/) is an outdoor amphitheater that provides live concerts to the public from April through October each year, hosting as many as half a million patrons a year. The seven-month season usually hosts an average of 40 concerts, and 12 year-round staff plan and manage each season. SFX Entertainment Inc. (http://sfxyes. liveonline. net/) operates the pavilion. SFX is one of the largest diversified promoters, producers, and venue operators for live entertainment events in the United States.It has 71 venues either directly owned or operated under lease or exclusive booking arrangements in 29 of the top 50 U. S. markets, including 14 amphitheaters or pavilions in 9 of the top 10 markets. Edward Blocher is a Professor at The University of North Caro lina at Chapel Hill, and Kung H. Chen is a Professor at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. 555 556 Blocher and Chen ALLTEL Pavilion wants to be the nightlife for the Triangle (Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC) and eastern North Carolina, and one of the most beautiful, technologically advanced, and successful amphitheaters in the world.It features the most modern state-of-the-art acoustics and video of any facility of its kind. In the last few years, ALLTEL Pavilion staged shows by the Dave Matthews Band, Alan Jackson, Brooks & Dunn, Toby Keith, Santana, Tim McGraw, Aerosmith, James Taylor, Jimmy Buffett, and many other national, regional, and local artists. The Pavilion claims, â€Å"There isn’t a bad seat in the house. Whether you choose to spread a blanket on our gently sloping festival lawn or select a reserved seat in our pavilion seating area, you are guaranteed a great view of the action on the stage† (ALLTEL Pavilion website).Exhibit 1 shows the stage and seating of the amphitheater. History/Development The city of Raleigh and Pace Entertainment Company of Houston, Texas jointly built the ALLTEL Pavilion in 1991. Pace Entertainment and Cellar Door Inc. of Raleigh, NC had the initial contract to manage the Pavilion. Hardee’s Food Systems, Inc. of Rocky Mount, NC, the original sponsor of the amphitheater, paid an annual fee to carry its name and logo on all signs and ads regarding the amphitheater. On February 3, 1999 ALLTEL Corp (http://tel. com) became the title sponsor for the amphitheater.The demand for the outdoor facility came about because the rapidly growing city of Raleigh lacked a major entertainment complex. In the late 1980s Pace Entertainment and the city of Raleigh came to an agreement to build the facility. The city of Raleigh would own the land while Pace Entertainment would own the facility and assume sole operations of the facility; Cellar Door would do the booking for all the concerts. Pace Entertainment would pay income taxes on earnings from the use of the facility. In 1998, SFX Entertainment Inc. acquired Pace Entertainment Inc.The amphitheater facility and its employees became part of SFX Entertainment Inc. Also, in 1999 SFX Entertainment Inc. acquired Cellar Door Inc. and merged with Clear Channel Communications Inc. , one of the largest owners of radio stations in the country. This move brought together both worlds of the entertainment business. While the company has diverse holdings, the philosophy of SFX is â€Å"One Company, One Mission. † Many companies that are now owned by SFX were at one time bitter rivals in the concertpromoting business. These companies now maintain good working relationships within SFX.A key goal for SFX is for the net operating income of each of its holdings, including the ALLTEL Pavilion, to grow 5 percent each year. The Pavilion competes with the RBC Center (http://www. rbccenter. com) at North Carolina State University in Raleigh (NCSU), the De an Smith Activities Center (http://tarheelblue. ocsn. com/genrel/ 092301aad. html) at The University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, NC (UNC), and the Verizon Wireless Amphitheater in Charlotte, NC (http://www. verizonwirelessamphitheater. com/charlotte/), among others.In contrast to the facilities at NCSU and UNC that offer only indoor events, the Pavilion offers outdoor as well as sheltered seating for its events. Marketing, Operations, and Accounting When the marketing department plans a promotion for an upcoming event, it coordinates with the sales department to see if there is a conflict in sponsorship. Marketing also coordinates with the operations department to effectively manage the activities on show days. Finally, the budget of each department (sales, marketing, and operations) is reviewed by the accounting department, which provides overall financial anagement of the project. Bringing Concerts to Reality A concert becomes reality in many steps. First, a group or perform er with an interest in performing at ALLTEL will discuss with Cellar Door, Inc. and the Pavilion the possibility of performing at Issues in Accounting Education, November 2004 The ALLTEL Pavilion Case: Strategy and CVP Analysis 557 the Pavilion, and look at the open dates. Upon reaching an agreement, Cellar Door, on behalf of the Pavilion, signs a contract with the booking agent for the performer.A time is specified for gate openings, and once the gate is opened the show is underway. The job of the staff during a concert is to make sure every customer of the ALLTEL Pavilion has a pleasant experience and that the mission of the company is clearly seen by everyone that â€Å"a concert †¦ it’s better live. † Clean Sweep Inc. of Raleigh handles the cleanup after a show. Key Business Issues Marketing has an important role in the success of the ALLTEL Pavilion, but marketing expenditures are carefully watched. For every show, the marketing budget is limited to $20,000.F or many shows it is difficult to stay within the budget, since the Pavilion serves a five-market region consisting of Raleigh-Durham, Fayetteville, Wilmington, Greensboro, and the Carolina Coast. Most of the marketing budget is spent on advertising with radio, TV, and print media in the designated regions. Prior to developing advertising plans, the marketing staff analyzes ticket sales geographically over the five-market region. It is important to know the demographics of the five regions and compare them with the profile for each performer. The more ALLTEL Pavilion can know about the fans, the more they know where to spend the $20,000.SFX develops measures of performance and profitability for each advertising media, by region. This type of analysis is important to the ALLTEL Pavilion because increased ticket sales, through effective advertising, not only affect ticket revenues, but also revenues from parking, merchandise, and concessions. It is also important because of the increas ed cost of advertising. The advertising rates in the Raleigh-Durham region are comparable to the rates in Washington, D. C. The rates are up 200 percent over the last five years, while the budgets per show are only up 15 percent over this time.The cost of the performing artist has also increased dramatically. The average fee for an artist is approximately $160,000. Some artists are paid on a fixed-fee basis, while others are paid on a per capita basis. Generally, the most popular artists seek a per capita contract because they are confident of a high level of attendance. In contrast, the artist paid a fixed-fee is guaranteed the same fee whether 100 or 20,000 people attend (the capacity of the Pavilion is approximately 20,000 attendance). On average, the total number of paid tickets per fixed-fee concert is 7,000.The role of marketing and advertising is especially important for fixed-fee shows. One method the Pavilion uses in addition to advertising is to distribute â€Å"comp† tickets (comp tickets are free tickets distributed throughout the community) to build interest in the Pavilion that will later be realized in paying customers. Comp customers also bring in revenue for parking, concessions, and merchandise sales. In a fixed-fee concert, the number of comp tickets is approximately 25 percent of the number of paying tickets, while a per capita show has no more than 2. 5 percent.Because of the increasing cost of the performing artists, ALLTEL Pavilion tries to reduce nonartist costs. Nonartist costs at ALLTEL Pavilion include expenses for sales, marketing, parking, security, concessions, and merchandise. Since assuming the manager position, Pam has developed several avenues to reduce nonartist costs and/or increase revenues and profits, including reducing expenses, having the parking service pass out flyers for upcoming events, trading â€Å"comp† tickets for online spots in the radio industry, and giving local businesses tickets in exchange f or advertising on their premises.Revenues, Costs, and Flash Report for the KFBS Allstars Concert Exhibit 2 is a mock flash report for an illustrative fixed-fee show, the KFBS Allstars. A flash report is a projection of costs and revenues for a scheduled concert. The guarantee/talent cost ($160,635) is the amount the KFBS Allstars are guaranteed for the show. Projected sales is the number of projected paying ticket holders, while the â€Å"drop count† is total attendance, including both Issues in Accounting Education, November 2004 558 Blocher and Chen paid and comp tickets.Setting ticket price is often done together with the performer, taking into consideration SFX’s national and regional pricing policies, prices of comparable venues, and the Pavilion’s desired profit for the concert. Pam uses the flash report to plan potential concerts and to evaluate the success of concerts already presented. The report shows the variety of revenues and costs for a concert, an d the projected profit for the concert. The flash report projects total revenues including ticket sales, parking, food, and merchandise based on per capita (drop count) rates.Ticket sales are in four ticket categories: A seats and B seats are regular price tickets for the reserved and lawn seating sections respectively; C and D seats are promotional (discount) price tickets for reserved and lawn seating, respectively. Other revenues include per capita facility charges paid by the sponsoring corporation for naming rights (based on paid ticket holders) and a per capita service charge paid by the performer for food, transportation, and other services. Not included are the annual lease payments for VIP seats at $10,000 per year.Patrons to the VIP seats also have to pay the ticket price of A-level seats. Reserved and lawn seating areas are shown in Exhibit 1. The parking, food concession, and merchandise operations are outsourced to other service providers, so the direct costs for parkin g, merchandise and concessions are determined based on contracts with the service providers that include both a percentage (10 percent) of applicable revenues and a fixed fee. Operating expenses include an allocation of the total of fixed production and operations costs for the season, the advertising expenses for the KFBS Allstars event, and other variable expenses.These are then added to the direct costs for concessions, merchandise, parking, and insurance to determine total operating expenses. REQUIRED How would you describe the competitive strategy of the ALLTEL Pavilion? Given the firm’s strategy, what are the critical success factors for the Pavilion to achieve its goal of continuous annual growth in operating income? 2. Complete two selected cost-volume-profit analyses for the show illustrated in Exhibit 2, the KFBS Allstars: a) How many tickets must the ALLTEL Pavilion sell to break even? ) How many tickets must ALLTEL sell to earn $30,000 operating income after taxes , assuming a 40 percent tax rate? 3. What should be the average ticket price for the KFBS concert if the fixed-pay fee is $200,000 and the Pavilion expects to sell 7,000 tickets and wants to earn $30,000 after 40 percent in taxes? 4. Negotiating the fee for the KFBS Allstars: fixed-pay or per capita contracts? a) What is the maximum fixed fee that the Pavilion can pay the KFBS Allstars if the Pavilion wants to earn $45,000 after 40 percent tax and expects the show to have an average ticket price of $22. 12?Assume the show is expected to draw 6,000 paying ticket holders. b) What is the maximum fixed fee that the Pavilion can pay the KFBS Allstars if the Pavilion wants to earn $45,000 after 40 percent tax and expects the show to have an average ticket price of $22. 12? Assume, including 25 percent comp tickets, the show is expected to be a sell-out. c) Independent of (a) and (b), what is the maximum per capita fee that the Pavilion can pay the KFBS Allstars, whose concert is expected to be a sellout, if the Pavilion wants to earn $180,000 after 40 percent tax from an average ticket price of $22. 2 per ticket? 5. What role does CVP analysis and operating leverage play in contract negotiations with different types of performers (fixed-fee or per capita)? 1. Issues in Accounting Education, November 2004 The ALLTEL Pavilion Case: Strategy and CVP Analysis 559 EXHIBIT 1 ALLTEL Pavilion Stage and Seating The Pavilion can accommodate 20,000 fans with 7,000 reserved seats directly in front of the stage (covered seating in sections 1 through 9 and VIP seating) and another 13,000 on the spacious lawn. It has 78 theater-style VIP boxes that can accommodate 4, 6, or 8 people.In addition to positioning for prime viewing, patrons in VIP boxes also enjoy amenities such as wait staff service at their seats, personalized parking, and exclusive membership to the VIP Bar & Grill. Directly in front of sections 4, 5, 8, and 9 is seating with an elevated floor that provides excellent views of the stage for patrons with disabilities and additional seating for the hearing or visually impaired. Lawn Seating Reserved, Covered Seating Issues in Accounting Education, November 2004 560 Blocher and Chen EXHIBIT 2 Flash Report for the KFBS Allstars ConcertARTIST NAME ACTIVITY/EVENT NUMBER EVENT MONTH EVENT DATE Projected Sales (Number of Seats) A Seats B Seats C Seats D Seats TOTAL Number of Seats Projected Ticket Price A Seats B Seats C Seats D Seats PROJECTED NET AFTER TAX ADMISSIONS AVG TIX PRICE NET OF TAX PER PAYING PATRON TALENT % GUARANTEE/TALENT COSTS NUMBER OF PERFORMANCES DROP COUNT (includes comp tickets) Other Ticket-Related Revenue FACILITY CHARGE Per capita SERVICE CHARGE Per capita REVENUE FROM TICKETING Per capita ANCILLARY REVENUES PARKING Per capita FOOD CONCESSION Per capita MERCHANDISE Per capita RENTALS REVENUE FROM ANCILLARIES Per capita TOTAL REVENUE Per capita The KFBS Allstars 10310001 7 7/31/04 2,778 2,845 1,747 881 8,251 $36. 29 $22. 22 $11. 3 1 $ 4. 92 $182,479 $22. 12 88. 03% $160,635 1 10,349 $24,010 $2. 91 $16,172 $1. 96 $222,673 $26. 99 $19,767 $1. 91 $79,273 $7. 66 $36,428 $3. 52 $0. 00 $135,468 $13. 09 $358,141 $34. 61 (continued on next page) Issues in Accounting Education, November 2004 The ALLTEL Pavilion Case: Strategy and CVP Analysis 561EXHIBIT 2 (continued) Other Direct Costs PARKING CONTRACT CONCESSION CONTRACT MERCHANDISE CONTRACT TOTAL DIRECT COSTS Per capita PERCENT OF SALES TOTAL REVENUE (from above) TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (from above) GROSS PROFIT Operating Expenses TOTAL PRODUCTION EXPENSE TOTAL OPERATIONS EXPENSE TOTAL OTHER VAR. EXPENSE TOTAL ADVERTISING EXPENSE TOTAL OPERATING EXP Per capita PERCENT OF SALES OPERATING INCOME Per capita PERCENT OF SALES Detail: Other Concert Variable Expense Insurance Expense per person COGS—Concession per person COGS—Merchandise Inventory per person COGS—Parking per person Other Variable Concert Expense per person TOTAL OTHER VARIABLE EXPENSE $0. 1 7 $0. 35 $1. 12 $0. 08 $0. 02 $14,323 $4,448 $43,356 $17,826 $226,265 $21. 86 63. 2% $358,141 $226,265 $131,876 $15,506 $14,991 $14,323 $20,030 $64,850 $6. 27 18. 1% $67,026 $6. 48 18. 7% Issues in Accounting Education, November 2004

The Wild And Wildlife Conservation Commission - 1699 Words

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The Complexity Of African Slavery - 2267 Words

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Description Of Emotional And Behavioral Disorder Essay

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Biological Component Eating disorders like bulimia are a significant public health problem for individuals across the lifespan (American Psychological AssociationRead MoreThe Key Components Of Anxiety Disorders And Cognitive Behavioral Theory ( Cbt ) Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagesresults from research conducted online on the key components of anxiety disorders and cognitive behavioral theory (CBT). The articles will explore the treatments and outcomes of CBT on patients, who were diagnosed with anxiety disorders. The research paper will examine the theory, model, and effectiveness of exploration in relation to the other articles to suggest that CBT is a productive form of treatments for anxiety disorders. Keywords: Beck, CBT, Problem Solving Model, and Anxiety.

Santiago Essay Example For Students

Santiago Essay In the still of the night Santiagos crying cut sharply like a knife. Hiscrying was relentless, as though it would never end but then, a child of threeknows no other way to express his horror. Abraham Naser walked down the narrowstreet made of hardened earth and nothing more. His dress was pure class, whiteblazer and pants with matching wide brimmed hat. Lost in thought he rolled hiscigar between his lips, then, as if in a motion as natural to him as histendency to smile at beautiful women, he adjusted his gun stuffed tightly in theback of his waist bond. It was then when Abraham ran into the women he knewwould change his life; the women who would be his wife Arabic coffee tasted forthe first tome is surpassing and strong, but soon, it turns soothing and sweet. Placida Lineros head snapped back at her first taste, and they both laughed. Their eyes spore of there long future from across the small round table. The cafà ©had been Abrahams idea, but it was now Placida who didnt want the momentto end, ever. Walking down the isle had been Placida dream since she was alittle girl. In Spain girls are brought up to make mariace a priority. ForAbraham, on the other hand, an Arab male of wealth turn of the century Spain,life had always meant just the opposite. A man of festivities, of party andcelebration, Abraham loved his boos, cigars, and women. And not necessary inthat order. He felt and, not a beginning to his life. Placida was a spark oflight, beauty able to contain her joy news spilled like a flood. Abraham findshe is happier than he had ever been, but battle with the confession of hischanging life. In his excitement, Abraham rushed out to the baby store. There, abeautiful radon haired young women, eyes blue then the sea, assists him inselecting a crib of finished wood and white lace. The celebration that nightwill be remembered for all time. The drinking, the smoking, the guilt, theself-loathing and the broken promise. He could not explain even to himself howanother chance meeting ¾with the young women from the baby store ¾ nowstood to destroy his life. How could he have been so foolish he asked himself?How? In the nine months before Santiago was born, Abraham, could not come tounderstand his motivation for braeing his marriage promise again and again. Perhaps he was just self destructive, maybe his problem was psychological, ormaybe, he was just bad person. The guilt drove him and his confusion grew at thesame rate that the finishing in the babys room did. A comment from Placidahad brought if all crashing down inside his head. Her joking voice you arethe same old Abraham. What did you do, marry the owners daughter. Where haveall these things come from? His blood had run cold, and he felt himselfperspire, but the moment passed. The night Santiago came two were born; son andfather. Before he could reclaim his word, his admission that was more like aconfession, jumped from his mouth. Over his son he cried for forgiveness from awomen whose face was a slate of emotion. I have known. She exclaimsreaching and touching his cheek. Stunned. How? He stuttered for howlong? Long enough. Ill never ever see her again. Never. Ipromise, he begged. I know, I know, she seemed to dismiss justlook at our son. Isnt he beautiful At three years ol d eating an ice creamwithout weaning most of it is not only a challenge, its a fantasy. The hotsun made all of their smile gimer, the park was crowed, but to the three of themAbraham, Placida and Santiago not another soul exited on the face of the earth. .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2 , .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2 .postImageUrl , .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2 , .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2:hover , .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2:visited , .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2:active { border:0!important; } .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2:active , .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2 .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4404681b3d9f6c9341ba7be5ad248ac2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Gilded Age EssayThey walked over the little bridles of white woods, holding hands in a chain oflove. A family, a family with the sound of the last shot. Still ringing in hisears, Santiago crys in horror. From the foot of the bed Placida rocks Santiagoin her arms as his father and his lover lay dying in the bed solid silk. Ssshh, ssshh. I know I know.

The Authors Create Tension and Suspense Essay Example For Students

The Authors Create Tension and Suspense Essay In short stories, they often make you assume things that are going to happen, as the writer has a limited space to make it a short story. Short stories tend to have a very clear structure- beginning, middle and end. Children are keen on reading short stories, as they are not complex and small number of characters, which make it easier for them to read. Adults also like reading them because they are compact and engaging.  Ã‚  A Terribly Strange Bed and The Whole Towns Sleeping are both classified as horror that the writers ensure the readers will have a horrific moment during the story. We will write a custom essay on The Authors Create Tension and Suspense specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Both stories have a similar theme of expressing tension but are subtly different.  Ã‚  A Terribly Strange Bed is a pre- twentieth century short story, which was written by Wilkie Collins. It is about a young man who finished college in Paris and he likes taking new adventure. The Whole Towns Sleeping by Ray Bradbury, is a more modern story. It is about a middle-age single woman who wants to take risks. The two stories have many similarities although they were written in completely different eras. The main characters in both of the stories have their similarities, they both have the confidence to take risks and are independent. Lavinia in The Whole Towns sleeping said, Im just not afraid, and Im curious. They both are set in the same situation where they would not listen to their friends advice. When her friend Francine tried to persuade Lavinia to stay for a night, she said No thanks. The roles of friends in both of the stories are extremely important. These people always give advice to the main characters, but they never listen to them and lead to a tragic ending. This is shown in The Whole Towns Sleeping when Lavinias friend Francine asks her to stay at her house that night, in case anything happen. But Lavinia chooses not to, as she is a risk seeker. Where once again shown her confidence. This also helped to show clearer personality of the main character and built up suspense. The main contrast in both stories is the language used, A Terribly Strange Bed was written in the 1900 and it contains many words and phrases that would not have been used in the twentieth century when The Whole Towns Sleeping was written. In addition, Wilkie Collins tended to use archaic language all the way through the story, such as of all the ghastly respectabilities of such a social anomaly as a respectable gambling-house. The Whole Towns Sleeping is written in a third person form which can make the readers less involved. On the other hand, A Terribly Strange Bed is about the writers own experience, which makes the readers feel more involved and makes the story more believable. Tension is also built with the third person form in The Whole Towns Sleeping as the reader is following Lavinia in the story, whereas A Terribly Strange Bed talks about the past, therefore less tension is built. The two stories have a similar atmosphere about them; they are both in tense throughout the story. A Terribly Strange Bed shows horrific imagery of the gambling place. Imagery of death is also shown in the story, vulture eyes what Wilkie Collins described the blackguard as. This has shown the reality of blackguardism, also it is hinting something will happen with the blackguards later on in the story. From this line in A Terribly Strange Bed-My blood seemed to stand still. A deadly paralysing coldness stole all over me, which shows how the narrator must have been horrified by the experience. While, The Whole Towns sleeping has also got clear imagery of death, where the town was described with its silence,. Instead it has a constant eerie imagery throughout the story. Someones following me, Someones on the steps behind me. I dont dare to turn round. Which make people always feel as if they are being observed. .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 , .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 .postImageUrl , .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 , .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94:hover , .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94:visited , .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94:active { border:0!important; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94:active , .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94 .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub71d42203a346c1f8049b412ab8e9c94:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: "Romeo and Juliet are victims of unrelenting fate against which they cannot rebel effectively. All they can do is submit with courage and dignity." EssaySimilarly, both stories have created tension all the way through the story. The Whole Towns Sleeping uses repetition, safe, safe, safe, where as A Terribly Strange Bed uses long descriptions to increase the drama. Alternatively, the pace of The Whole Towns Sleeping is fast and furious, unlike A Terribly Strange Bed, where the pace of the story is slow and frustrating. This is shown throughout, as Wilkie Collins tended to describe in full details at the beginning. Although, the pace has increased up to the point, where The French old solider was shouting and crying out, but soon the pace gradually slow down again. Tension rises up to its climax when inanimate objects were brought to life in A Terribly Strange Bed, whichcreates a threatening effect on the writer and readers. Equally, tension rises up to its climax in The Whole Towns Sleeping when Lavinia heard someone clear his throat when she thought home was the safest place to be. As the story is written in third person form, tension is also built up at the end- whether she has survived or not. Constant false leads and alarm appeared constantly throughout the whole story, where Lavinia heard a mans voice singing while she was walking home, and that was Officer Kennedy. However, both stories have certain cliffhangers at the end of each paragraph, which also helped to build up tension. The two stories are set in different place and written in different eras. A Terribly Strange Bed is set in Paris, a delightful city, while The Whole Towns Sleeping is set in a little town far away from everything, whereas this helped to build up suspense for readers, as bizarre always seem to occur in silence area.  Ã‚  Each story has a very contrasting opening and ending. In A Terribly Strange Bed, Wilkie Collins gives a long and clear description of himself and Paris. While in The Whole Towns Sleeping, the town and the main character are not described in details, where less tension is carried out, as the readers do not feel detached with the characters and the place. With the endings, The Whole Towns Sleeping left a cliffhanger, where suspense was built. But in A Terribly Strange Bed, it ends with everything is resolved, the writers feeling and the moral of the story. An identical technique was used in both of the stories. The writers tended to use questions to convey the fear of the main character. What could I do? says by the main character in A Terribly Strange Bed while he cannot get into sleep during that remarkable night; Lavinia tried to convince herself while she reached the ravine, Nothings happened, has it? No one around, is there? Remember that old ghost story you told each other when you are children? I found reading short stories is more challenging and enjoyable, as they are more unique and you can get more involved rather than a novel. Personally, I like them because they are short and excitements can be easily built onto it. I also found it is fairly different to novel, where a long plot and an incredible length of introduction are always included.  Ã‚  I would say The Whole Towns Sleeping is more effective, as it was written in 20th century, which I found it easier to understand. Also with the contrasting ending where I still do not know Lavinia is alive or not. Which I thought the writer has cleverly left a cliffhanger for the readers to think about the ending on their own. Whereas A Terribly Strange Bed has an ending where everything is sorted out. It makes the reader feeling less relief.